August 14th, 2010

life in a box

People can’t anticipate how much they’ll miss the natural world until they are deprived of it. I have read about submarine crewmen who haunt the sonar room, listening to whale songs and colonies of snapping shrimp. Submarine captains dispense “periscope liberty”—a chance for crewmembers to gaze at clouds and birds and coastlines and remind themselves that the natural world still exists. I once met a man who told me that after landing in Christchurch after a winter at the South Pole research station, he and his companions spent a couple days just wandering around staring in awe at flowers and trees. At one point, one of them spotted a woman pushing a stroller. “A baby!” he shouted, and they all rushed across the street to see. The woman turned the stroller and ran.

I enjoyed this article (an excerpt from a book) at Seed Magazine, about the psychological challenges of life in space. It covers several of my pet subjects: space, the mind, nature…

Read more: Life in a Box @ Seed.

August 7th, 2010

the abyss

Hal Holbrook and Charlie Sheen in Oliver Stone’s Wall Street.

“Man looks in the abyss, there’s nothing staring back at him. At that moment, man finds his character. And that is what keeps him out of the abyss.” — Hal Holbrook as Lou Mannheim in Wall Street

July 4th, 2010

ah, we meet again, breakfast dishes.

Psyblog has an article following the theory that self-forgiveness can put an end to procrastination:

Another way of thinking of this is in terms of approach and avoidance behaviours. Because we tend to avoid things that make us feel bad, pent up guilt about a task will make us avoid that task in the future. Self-forgiveness, though, may reduce guilt and so make us more likely to approach the task.

This explanation highlights the fact that we don’t just have emotional relationships with people, we also have them with tasks. Some tasks we like and look forward to like trusted old friends, while others feel more like muggers stealing away hours of our lives.

More here.

I can’t get enough of this blog, actually. Two other recent articles that are fascinating to me (on abstract/creative thinking devices): One, two.

May 13th, 2010

why and how to value experience over posessions

Psyblog explains the psychological reasons why material possessions can be so dissatisfying in the long term, as opposed to experiential purchases like concert tickets or a meal out, which often seem to even appreciate in value in our minds as time passes.

The article also explains how one can learn to be more content with those material possessions we do end up buying (in spite of our better knowledge): by thinking of them in experiential terms.

By thinking experientially we can make more of what we already have and ward off the invidious comparisons that can make the treadmill of consumer culture so unsatisfying.


Six psychological reasons consumer culture is so unsatisfying.

May 8th, 2010

what is taught at school?

(via reddit)

April 24th, 2010

defamiliarization, “disordering the rhythm” of language

Words ought to be a little wild for they are the assaults of thought on the unthinking. -John Maynard Keynes

From a diary entry of Tolstoy, quoted in Viktor Shklovsky’s “Art as Technique”:

I was cleaning and, meandering about, approached the divan and couldn’t remember whether or not I had dusted it. Since these movements are habitual and unconscious I could not remember and felt that it was impossible to remember – so that if I had dusted it and forgot – that is, had acted unconsciously, then it was the same as if I had not. If some conscious person had been watching, then the fact could be established. If, however, no one was looking, or looking on unconsciously, if the whole complex lives of many people go on unconsciously, then such lives are as if they had never been.

Read the (short) essay, Art as Technique, which discusses the effect of defamiliarization in language. Thanks to Alice!

April 24th, 2010

dreaming as a learning aid

Volunteers were asked to learn the layout of a 3D computer maze so they could find their way within the virtual space several hours later.

Those allowed to take a nap and who also remembered dreaming of the task, found their way to a landmark quicker.

The researchers think the dreams are a sign that unconscious parts of the brain are working hard to process information about the task.

Dr Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School, one of the authors of the paper, said dreams may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem at many levels.

He said: “The dreams might reflect the brain’s attempt to find associations for the memories that could make them more useful in the future.”

Could that mean that worrying before bed serves similarly to install the worries more deeply in your consciousness?

(via bbc news)

April 16th, 2010

tribal identity vs. modernity

Andy Thomason (1993):

When Emile Durkeim conducted his statistical analysis of suicides in 1897, not only did he help establish the sociological perspective and the science of sociology, he also touched on what many consider the bane of modernity, and what may be the inevitable result of civilization and human’s attempts to dominate the earth and our environment.

Durkheim discovered that men, the wealthy, the unmarried, and Protestants were more likely to commit suicide than Catholics, Jews, the married, or the poor. He found that high suicide rates were inversely proportional to the degree of social integration of a particular demographic group. In other words, the more individualistic and autonomous a group a person belonged to, the greater the chance of the individuals in that group had of committing suicide.

Further studies have confirmed his findings. Higher suicide rates correspond directly with the loss of cultural identity associated with greater affluence and autonomy.

Durkeim attributed this phenomenon with a breakdown of social bonds, mores, and moral guidance resulting from the increased individualism a rise in prestige and affluence affords. He termed the condition “anomie.” In later studies he examined the role of anomie in other sociol ills such as deviance and criminality.

Pioneering psychologist Carl Rogers stated in 1955 that Persons are constituted through socio-historical and cultural processes. Since then, many other theories have emerged–from symbolic interaction to social self and deviance theories–that all say basically the same thing with slightly different emphasis. Our “selfs”, our identities are forged by our culture.

Social bonds certainly existed with greater strength in pre-industrial societies, but the anomie described by Durkeim began with our first tentative step toward civilization, when initial, albeit minuscule, breaks with our tribe and the erosion of our tribal identity started.

Movement toward modernity has increased the number of choices individuals have, but traditional, tribal people have a more well defined personal identity. As civilization and industrialization increase social ties weaken, and as those ties weaken it becomes increasingly difficult to form an identity or connection to anything larger than ourselves.

In their own language, all the terms that traditional, tribal people use to refer to themselves mean literally “human” or “human being” and define what it means to be part of the tribe and what it meant to be a human being.

Tribal identity defines and locates an individual within itself and within the larger context of the world, nature and even the supernatural, gives human beings and the individual a place in the world, providing a framework in which humans can depend on to interact with each other and the natural environment. Tribes defined our relationships, forged social bonds, identities, and commitments, and gave the individuals a sense of security, continuance, and well-being.

Read more (Tribal Identity and Loss of Self @ suite101)

April 11th, 2010

creative mechanisms

Psyblog has an interesting rundown of 7 strategies meant to nurture or boost creativity.

I think I’ve used all or most of these before without knowing it. And I think that’s key, too, to creativity; if you’re thinking too much about it from this objective angle, then you’ve already come a cropper.

Number seven is good all-round advice, however. Re-conceptualization:

People often jump to answers too quickly before they’ve really thought about the question. Research suggests that spending time re-conceptualising the problem is beneficial.

Mumford et al. (1994) found that experimental participants produced higher quality ideas when forced to re-conceive the problem in different ways before trying to solve it. Similarly a classic study of artists found that those focused on discovery at the problem-formulation stage produced better art (Csikszentmihalyi & Getzels, 1971).

◊ For insight: forget the solution for now, concentrate on the problem. Are you asking the right question?

More at Psyblog

April 8th, 2010

spending warm summer days indoors writing frightening verse to a buck-toothed girl in Luxembourg

The brains of shy or introverted individuals might actually process the world differently than their more extroverted counterparts, a new study suggests.

About 20 percent of people are born with a personality trait called sensory perception sensitivity (SPS) that can manifest itself as the tendency to be inhibited, or even neuroticism. The trait can be seen in some children who are “slow to warm up” in a situation but eventually join in, need little punishment, cry easily, ask unusual questions or have especially deep thoughts, the study researchers say.

The new results show that these highly sensitive individuals also pay more attention to detail, and have more activity in certain regions of their brains when trying to process visual information than those who are not classified as highly sensitive.

Role in evolution

The sensitivity trait is found in over 100 other species, from fruit flies and fish to canines and primates, indicating this personality type could sometimes provide an evolutionary advantage.

Biologists are beginning to agree that within one species there can be two equally successful “personalities.” The sensitive type, always a minority, chooses to observe longer before acting, as if doing their exploring with their brains rather than their limbs. The other type “boldly goes where no one has gone before,” the scientists say.

The sensitive individual’s strategy is not so advantageous when resources are plentiful or quick, aggressive action is required. But it comes in handy when danger is present, opportunities are similar and hard to choose between, or a clever approach is needed.

More (livescience)

March 29th, 2010

memories only as accurate as the last time they were remembered?

Sci-Am:

Ten years ago, while experimenting with rats, [Joseph] Ledoux made a discovery that changed the way neuroscientists view memory [...].

In that experiment, Ledoux conditioned rats to fear a bell by ringing it in time with an electric shock until the rats froze in fear at the mere sound of the bell. Then, at the moment when the fear memory was being recalled, he injected the rats with anisomycin, a drug that stops the construction of new neural connections. Remarkably, the next time he rang the bell the rats no longer froze in fear. The memory, it seemed, had vanished. Poof!

Ledoux concluded that the neural connections in which memories are stored have to be rebuilt each time a memory is recalled. And during rebuilding—or reconsolidation, as he termed it—memories can be altered or even erased. Neuroscientists now believe that reconsolidation functions to update memories with new information—something of an unsettling idea, suggesting that our memories are only as accurate as the last time they were remembered.

!!!

March 27th, 2010

Liu Ling the poetic drunkard

I always thought it was a shame that Alan Watts died at such a young age (58). And how incongruous, I thought, that he should die from alcohol-related health problems. But then again, maybe it’s not so strange!

From an interview with one of Watts’ associates, Gia Fu Feng:

Q. You’ve mentioned Alan Watts several times and I know that you’ve been with him when he was teaching. What was he like to be with?
160px-Oinoche_Camiros_fantastic_Louvre_A318

A. You see Alan Watts was very creative. When he drinks he’s very clever. He was in a class, you know, at night time, he was all drunk. But his lectures were never boring. He was a tremendous entertainer. He said, “I’m an entertainer, I’m no Buddhist philosopher.”

Q. Alan Watts actually died from alcohol, didn’t he?

A. Oh yeah. At that time he drank whisky by the bottle.

Q. But how could that tie in with the Tao?

A. That’s from the Tao! The fact that he drank is totally in tune with the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove-his utter disregard for convention. One of the sages, a famous poet called Liu Ling, had a servant who followed him carrying a jug of wine and a spade. In this way he always had some wine to drink and his servant would be ready to bury him if he dropped dead during a drinking bout! It’s in the Tao. So Alan Watts’ drinking is quite Taoistic.

I stumbled upon this (here) when looking for info regarding his untimely end, expecting further tragedy. And yet — what a terrific story! I need to get myself one of those jug carriers.

Coincidentally I learnt earlier today that a wine jug is called an oenochoe!

March 27th, 2010

the vinegar tasters

Wikipedia:

Vinegar_tasters

The Vinegar Tasters, is a traditional subject in Chinese religious painting. The allegorical composition depicts the three founders of China’s major religious and philosophical traditions: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. It favors Taoism and is critical of the others.

The three men are dipping their fingers in a vat of vinegar and tasting it; one man reacts with a sour expression, one reacts with a bitter expression, and one reacts with a sweet expression. The three men are Confucius, Buddha, and Laozi, respectively. Each man’s expression represents the predominant attitude of his religion: Confucianism saw life as sour, in need of rules to correct the degeneration of people; Buddhism saw life as bitter, dominated by pain and suffering; and Taoism saw life as fundamentally good in its natural state. Another interpretation of the painting is that, since the three men are gathered around one vat of vinegar, “the three teachings are one”.

The full article contains the rest of the fascinating background of this cheeky and clever image.

Addendum:

Huxisanxiaotu
12th Century Song painting in the Litang style illustrating
the theme “confucianism, taoism and buddhism are one”.

Here’s another painting with a similar — but unbiased — message. Wiki:

Song painting in the Litang style illustrating the theme “confucianism, taoism and buddhism are one”. Depicts taoist Lu Xiujing (left), official Tao Hongjing (right) and buddhist monk Huiyuan (center, founder of Pure Land) by the Tiger stream. The stream borders a zone infested by tigers that they just crossed without fear, engrossed as they were in their discussion. Realising what they just did, they laugh together, hence the name of the picture,Three laughing men by the Tiger stream.

Found by sheer coincidence! As with the first.

March 26th, 2010

practical aesthetics

Practical Aesthetics is an acting technique originally conceived by David Mamet and William H. Macy, based on the teachings of Stanislavsky, Sanford Meisner, and the Stoic Philosopher Epictetus. (wiki)

Mark Westbrook @ Ezine:

The actors on stage must deal with what’s in front of them in the truth of the moment. Nothing is more likely to disturb that illusion more than failing to respond truthfully if your colleague on stage accidentally drops the bottle of champagne. The audience will suspend their disbelief if they are not given a reason to react otherwise.

The actor employing Practical Aesthetics is in a constant state of improvisation. Each moment on stage is unrehearsed in the traditional sense. Instead, rehearsal writes into the muscle memory of the actor, the given circumstances of the play, including notes from the director and tools or tactics by which to pursue an essential action for each scene. In Mamet’s words ‘we prepare to improvise’.

Lines are learned by rote without meaning or feeling. This allows the individual line to serve any possible tactic without fixing a line reading.

Additionally, Practical Aesthetics employs techniques for getting the actor out of their own head. The actor places their attention on the other, and tries to achieve in the other a change whilst observing and adapting their approach to the new and changing truth of the moment. This takes the focus off the actor themself. Constant and progressive use of Repetition exercises adapted from Meisner, habitualises this practise in the actor. The truthfulness of the actors response is now only limited by what he or she can see before them and that possibility is endless and constantly shifting.

More @ “Practical Aesthetics — An Overview”

See also:

March 20th, 2010

charlie kaufman @ the red book dialogues

kaufman_300

The Red Book Dialogues:

In the spirit of RMA’s recent exhibition The Red Book of C.G. Jung, in 32 sessions from October 19, 2009 to February 10, 2010, personalities from many different walks of life were paired on stage with a psychoanalyst and invited to respond to and interpret a folio from Jung’s Red Book as a starting point for a wide-ranging conversation.

In the following discussion, screenwriter/director Charlie Kaufman and Jungian analyst John Beebe interpret one of the images from Jung’s red book as part of a rather protracted but often intriguing musing on Jung’s ideas.

Audio from wnyc culture.

Other celebrity artists such as David Byrne and Billy Corgan participated in the event alongside academics and specialists in the field. See the agenda at the Rubin Museum of Art.

March 17th, 2010

inner potential

Irish comedian Dylan Moran muses on self help and “unlocking your inner potential”.

March 9th, 2010

significant objects

The blog Un-canny Ontology recently took a look at the website significantobjects.com from the point of view of Heidegger’s object-orientated philosophy.

For those of you not familiar with the site significantobjects.com, the goal of the site was to see if given significance, random everyday objects could take on objective significance, as well. As the site explains:

A talented, creative writer invents a story about an object. Invested with new significance by this fiction, the object should — according to our hypothesis — acquire not merely subjective but objective value. How to test our theory? Via eBay!

As demonstrated from some of the entries, these objects are not “rare” or “important” objects by any means. In fact a lot of the times these objects are purchased from thrift stores or garage sales for just a couple of bucks (max). A “fictional” account of the object’s significance is added and then sold and bought on eBay – usually purchased for way more than the item was originally worth. But what I find fascinating about this experiment is that it is purposefully doing something that we often do without thinking about it – that is, adding significance to objects. This led me to question, what is significance and how/why is it important for our understanding of object-oriented philosophy?

More of that post here.

Significant Objects is an interesting experiment, although I would argue that a lot of the significance created around these objects comes from the fact that they are featured on the website as part of the project, and not necessarily from the made-up stories.

March 3rd, 2010

the experiencing self vs. the remembering self

Widely regarded as the world’s most influential living psychologist, Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel in Economics for his pioneering work in behavioral economics.

Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our “experiencing selves” and our “remembering selves” perceive happiness differently. This new insight has profound implications for economics, public policy — and our own self-awareness.

From TED Talks 2010






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